Subnational governments must have adequate powers and financial instruments to deliver on their citizens’ expectations. Citizens must want and expect their local government to provide services and infrastructure, and they must expect to pay for it. For municipal bonds to be a sustainable infrastructure financing mechanism, subnational governments must be creditworthy and there must be a supportive institutional, legal and regulatory framework. The article demonstrates that the political, institutional and regulatory environment that empowers or constrains the use of municipal bonds and other borrowing tools is complex. Comparing the situation in these two countries with one another, and with the long-established municipal bond market in the United States, we explore how context affects outcomes. This article traces developments in the use of municipal bonds in South Africa and India. Subnational governments can use municipal bonds and other borrowing arrangements to finance essential local infrastructure. Particular importance has been given to the documentation of novel ways of tapping private sector resources, such as strategic partnerships and local development funds.īecause of the enduring success of the US municipal bond market, attempts have been made over the past two decades to establish municipal bond markets in developing countries. The paper documents the emergence of several important new trends: the broadening of locally generated revenue sources the strengthening of local financial management, the growing reliance on partnerships to finance capital investments, and enhancements to promote access to long-term credit for municipalities. Although the focus is on finance, selected initiatives tend to: promote democratic local governance foster partnerships involving communities and stakeholders in urban development initiatives and strengthen the capabilities and resources of local governments as the pivotal partners in the development process. The paper highlights creative initiatives in emerging, transitional and advanced economies. Using case studies to reflect the wide differences in the degree of fiscal decentralization and financial autonomy that exist among countries in any particular region, the paper focuses on the challenges faced, local financial management and performance, partnerships to address pressing urban issues, and emerging trends in the financing of capital investments. Download 2,800+ Royalty Free Margarita Drawing Vector Images. The main emphasis is on developing countries, where the challenges are the greatest and the resource constraints most acute. Margarita Drawing Vector Images (over 2,800) The best selection of Royalty Free Margarita Drawing Vector Art, Graphics and Stock Illustrations. ![]() This paper addresses the wide range of problems that municipal authorities face in financing urban development as they respond to the challenges of major shifts in their economic base resulting from falling trade barriers and a globalizing economy.
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![]() This term includes both direct assignment of cost and the reassignment of a share from an indirect cost pool.Ĭompensated personal absence means any absence from work for reasons such as illness, vacation, holidays, jury duty, military training, or personal activities for which an employer pays compensation directly to an employee in accordance with a plan or custom of the employer.Ĭompensation for personal services means all remuneration paid currently or accrued, in whatever form and whether paid immediately or deferred, for services rendered by employees to the contractor.Ĭost input means the cost, except general and administrative (G&A) expenses, which for contract costing purposes is allocable to the production of goods and services during a cost accounting period.Ĭost objective means (except for subpart 31.6) a function, organizational subdivision, contract, or other work unit for which cost data are desired and for which provision is made to accumulate and measure the cost of processes, products, jobs, capitalized projects, etc.ĭeferred compensation means an award made by an employer to compensate an employee in a future cost accounting period or periods for services rendered in one or more cost accounting periods before the date of the receipt of compensation by the employee. The actuarial cost method includes the asset valuation method used to determine the actuarial value of the assets of a pension plan.Īctuarial gain and loss means the effect on pension cost resulting from differences between actuarial assumptions and actual experience.Īctuarial valuation means the determination, as of a specified date, of the normal cost, actuarial accrued liability, actuarial value of the assets of a pension plan, and other relevant values for the pension plan.Īllocate means to assign an item of cost, or a group of items of cost, to one or more cost objectives. The excess of the actuarial value of the assets of a pension plan over the actuarial accrued liability is an actuarial surplus and is treated as a negative unfunded actuarial liability.Īctuarial assumption means an estimate of future conditions affecting pension cost e.g., mortality rate, employee turnover, compensation levels, earnings on pension plan assets, and changes in values of pension plan assets.Īctuarial cost method means a technique which uses actuarial assumptions to measure the present value of future pension benefits and pension plan administrative expenses, and that assigns the cost of such benefits and expenses to cost accounting periods. The excess of the actuarial accrued liability over the actuarial value of the assets of a pension plan is the unfunded actuarial liability. As of such date, the actuarial accrued liability represents the excess of the present value of future benefits and administrative expenses over the present value of future normal costs for all plan participants and beneficiaries. Actual costs include standard costs properly adjusted for applicable variances.Īctuarial accrued liability means pension cost attributable, under the actuarial cost method in use, to years prior to the current period considered by a particular actuarial valuation. (This method is also known as the unit credit cost method without salary projection.).Īccumulating costs means collecting cost data in an organized manner, such as through a system of accounts.Īctual cash value means the cost of replacing damaged property with other property of like kind and quality in the physical condition of the property immediately before the damage.Īctual costs means (except for subpart 31.6) amounts determined on the basis of costs incurred, as distinguished from forecasted costs. The measure of the actuarial accrued liability at a plan’s inception date is the present value of the units of benefit credited to employees for service prior to that date. The measure of normal cost under this method for each cost accounting period is the present value of the units of benefit deemed to be credited to employees for service in that period. Accrued benefit cost method means an actuarial cost method under which units of benefits are assigned to each cost accounting period and are valued as they accrue i.e., based on the services performed by each employee in the period involved. ![]() Well, I wanted to create the Python version because of said dissertation. He did this using tidyverse functions and then using base- R matrix operations. H/t #rstats /V0zgOmCy7t- David Robinson June 17, 2018 Today my distraction came in the form of a Tweet by David Robinson demonstrating how flipping a coin and getting a heads and then another heads takes 6 flips on average while a heads then a tails only takes 4.Ī #tidyverse simulation to demonstrate that if you wait for two heads in a row, it takes 6 flips on average, while you wait for a heads then a tails, it takes 4 flips on average Plus, it’s a dissertation distractions are welcome in any flavor. Compute answers using Wolframs breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals. Don’t get me wrong, I find studying hate speech very fascinating, but in all honesty, it gets to be a bit much sometimes. For any other given event E (i.e.I’m writing up my dissertation…but occasionally I need a distraction. The chance of an empty set (neither Heads nor Tails) is always 0, but the probability of the entire sample space (either Heads or Tails) is always. So if you toss a coin 3 3 times, you expect to get heads 1.5 1.5 times (which makes perfect sense - the probability of getting heads for each coin toss is. Every subset of a sample space refers to it as an event. We can obtain either Heads ( H) or Tails ( T) when we flip a coin. Subtract the number of occurrences from the total number of potential outcomes.Try tossing a coin below by clicking on the 'Flip coin' button and. Similarly, on tossing a coin, the probability of getting a tail is: P (Tail) P (T) 1/2. On tossing a coin, the probability of getting a head is: P (Head) P (H) 1/2. Therefore, using the probability formula. Determine the total number of possible outcomes. When a coin is tossed, there are only two possible outcomes. If we then toss this fair coin and look at it, there is a 50 chance we will see Heads again, and a 50 chance of seeing Tails instead.Determine a single occurrence that will result in a single consequence. ![]() To compute the probability, apply the procedures below, which you may apply to a variety of applications that employ a probability format: How to calculate probability?ĭetermining the possibilities requires following a simple formula and using multiplication and division to calculate the possible outcomes of some events. As a result, the idea of classical probability is the simplest type of probability in which the probabilities of anything happening are equal. Simply enter your input in the fields provision and press the calculate button to get the output within no time. The action of tossing a coin has two possible outcomes: Head or Tail. This coin flip probability calculator lets you determine the probability of getting a certain number of heads after you flip a coin a given number of times. This handy calculator tool gives the results in fraction of seconds by taking the input question. Tossing A Coin Probability is the chance of each side of the coin to show up. In a traditional sense, this means that any statistical experiment will have aspects that are equally likely to occur (equal chances of occurrence of something). Make use of our free Coin Toss Probability Calculator when you want to know the probability of a coin toss. The classical possibility is a statistical concept that measures the possibility of something happening. Simulation of flipping up to 10 coins, in which each coin is not necessarily fair (i.e. ![]() Also, you can calculate the relative standard deviation value with our RSD Calculator. Meanwhile, if you want to calculate the probability for 3 events, check our Probability of 3 Events Calculator. 600 heads means youre looking at over 6 sigma So to put it in perspective, with +3 sigma youre in the 99.7th percentile. Also, you will learn about probability, its formula and other interesting things. Just to add to Barrys Cipra answer: Your question follows The Binomial Distribution, hence: n p 1 2 1000 500. With this Coin Flip Probability Calculator, you will learn how to calculate the probability of obtaining a random number of heads (or tails) from a random number of tosses. ![]() Hominy Hill Golf Course Golf Practice Ranges Golf Courses Golf Equipment & Supplies 7.5 Website 34 YEARS IN BUSINESS (732) 462-9222 92 Mercer Rd Colts Neck, NJ 07722 CLOSED NOW 3. 94 Address 4725 Bee Ridge Road, Sarasota, FL 34233 Get Directions Hours Sunday Thursday 8 AM - 10 PM Friday - Saturday 8 AM 11 PM Evie’s Driving Range One of the top 50 stand-alone driving ranges in the US Work on your technique in between games at the driving range. ![]() Go Fish is our family favourite with beginners and children benefiting from shorter distance targets and a fun interaction on the screen. Golf Courses Private Golf Courses (732) 431-3526 1 Raintree Dr Freehold, NJ 07728 CLOSED NOW 2. ![]() There are a range of different games on our interactive screens suitable for everyone. The Hobson Golf Course & Driving Range is located next to the historic Riverview at Hobson Grove on the northwest side of Bowling Green. You can make the most of the Toptracer technology by joining in our local competitions or the Toptracer Global Events to win some great prizes and have fun! You don’t have to be a pro (or even a golfer!) to enjoy playing on our driving range, just come along with some friends and give it a whack!īring your friends and family along to the driving range for a fun day out! We have a range food and drinks that can be taken out on to the driving range including panini’s, bacon rolls, pastries, coffees and beers. Make sure to download the official Toptracer app to keep track of the leaderboards and check out your stats from previous sessions. Were open 7 days a week from dawn til dusk. You can also check your club yardages and record your own shot data on the warm up game mode. The driving range at Richmond Park Golf Course is conveniently located for you to pop in and practice your game. 10 of our bays now feature Toptracer Range technology, which tracks every shot hit and allows golfers to hone their game, take on nearest the pin and longest. Andrews, nearest the pin, points game, long drive and more! All within the comfort of your bay. Rustington Golf Centre is fitted with 20 Toptracer bays whereby you can play a variety of virtual game modes such as virtual golf at Pebble Beach or St. It’s the first in the Mario series that has the Super Mario Bros. came out on the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1985. As many say, it’s the game that started it all. Additional ships include Phoenix II, Storm, Red Dragon, Pretzel Pete Truck (from the Pretzel Pete video game published by XSIV Games). is probably the most well-known retro game of all time. Tyrian 2000 Tyrian (v3.0) was re-released as Tyrian 2000, which includes an additional fifth episode and bug fixes. The controls could be better, but in general, it's a really enjoyable game. (Nintendo Entertainment System) Super Mario Bros. Tyrian also features full modem, network, and serial play. However, the list is generated automatically and can therefore be very 'subjective' especially for some specific games. The games you see here are selected based on title similarity, game genre, and keywords. OpenTyrian is an excellent port for Android of an awesome PC classic. Featuring multi-level parallax scrolling, huge enemies and weapons, and full-screen animation, this shooter can take on the best games of its type on the Super Nintendo and Sega Genesis. If you like Tyrian 2000 you'll probably like also some of the similar games in the overview below. You also have an arcade mode where you can complete nonstop missions, without following any sort of story line. Tyrian is a scrolling shooter computer game developed by World Tree Games Productions and published in 1995 by Epic MegaGames (since renamed Epic Games). The game includes five episodes, each with its own final boss and tons of different weapons for you to combine (you almost always have two at a time). You have to have some skill if you want to dodge the hundreds of shots coming at you all at once. All the movements and shots are made using touch controls. The main gameplay is typical for the genre: your spaceship is located at the bottom of the screen and your enemies come at you from above and the sides. Your goal is to advance though a series of levels full of enemies and dangers while shooting at basically everything that moves. Whether you're going to video game design colleges for a video game design degree and need some inspiration, you're interested in reliving your childhood or you want to simply experience some of the greatest games ever made, Vizzed RGR is for everyone! All games are no longer being sold but I will remove any copyright violations upon request.OpenTyrian is a free and open-source version of the classic Tyrian, a SHMUP (shoot 'em up) that puts you behind the controls of a spaceship. ![]() Many of the games require no downloading or installing and can be played in the browser just like Flash but using Java while others require a free and safe plugin to be installed. and also have 100s of hacked roms, all playable on the site hassle free. It will have several levels on each planet like those in Tyrian 2000 but in 3D. Further plot details are still being finalized but is expected to have the same reluctant hero theme of the original. RGR offers games of every genre including RPG, Platform, Arcade, Sports, Puzzle, Strategy, Simulation, Board, Card, Multiplayer, etc. Set after the events of Tyrian 2000 Trent is back in Tyrian sector and caught up in another war. ![]() ![]() Play Games from Retro Classic gaming systems including Super Nintendo, Sega Genesis, Game Boy Advance, Atari, etc and from the greatest franchises including Mario, Pokemon, Sonic, Zelda, Final Fantasy, Mega Man, etc. Vizzed Retro Game Room offers 1000s of free professionally made games, all playable online on the website. ![]() The sequence game is part of the amazing Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies (fun fact: it was the first book sold on Amazon!), a 1995 book by A.I. Our interest in PP lies in the ability to reason explicitly about structures and deal well with uncertainty even without lots of data: good luck with “machine-learning-your-way” out of this: f(1) = 1 f(2) = 4 f(3) = ? The sequence game came to my mind, serendipitously, while exploring probabilistic programming ( PP), which is often explained as an attempt to unify general purpose programming with probabilistic modeling. ![]() We won’t spoil the surprise (see the very end for the solution), but use this nice puzzle to discuss a more general problem: given the universe of integers and functions built out of arithmetical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplications, etc.), how can we learn the “generator function” of a sequence given that the number of possibilities is infinite? Īs it turns out, this is not the function generating this sequence. It does not seem that hard, does it? 3 will be our obvious answer as we would assume the “generator function” could be something as simple as f(x) = x: f(0) = 0 f(1) = 1 f(2) = 2 f(3) = ? -> 3. Imagine someone came to you with the following puzzle: given the sequence of integers 0, 1, 2, …, guess the next item. (…) Luckily, a new term was just then coming into currency - ‘cognitive science’ - and I started to favor that way of describing my research interests, since it clearly stresses the idea of fidelity to what actually goes on in the human mind/brain.” - Douglas Hofstadter (before 2000, just to be clear) “Then slid down the slope that ends up in meaningless buzzwords and empty hype. Back to the future: concepts in the time of the great A.I. Concept learning through probabilistic programming. ![]() Previous Golf Course Superintendent or Assistant Superintendent Experience Required.Ensures staff is working within OSHA, club safety, state and federal guidelines for safe working conditions. 24-29, 2024 564 days : 00 hours : 31 minutes Tournament Information Tickets Learn More Hospitality Learn More History Learn More 2022 Champions U.S.Responsible for hiring, training and developing all staff.Prepares an annual budget and achieves these financial goals throughout the year, through proper forecasting, expense controls and labor management. ![]() The 4-star pet-friendly resort serves American dishes and offers a Jacuzzi, a sauna and an indoor pool, boasting a setting very close to expressway. Provides expertise on programs for turf/grass, material and chemical maintenance and asset management. Shaded by golf courses and restaurants, about 20 minutes by foot from Little Mountain Country Club, the impressive Quail Hollow Resort Painesville includes 176 rooms. Quail Hollow Golf & Country Club is an 18-hole, semi-private golf facility built in the historic Quabbin watershed.Follows company standards for the healthy growth of the golf course grasses, trees, wetlands, and other applicable plant materials.Provides agronomic direction to maintain the golf course at the highest quality possible at all times.All duties associated with running a 36-hole facility including agronomic, business and human resource decisions within your department.The club is also the host of the 2022 Presidents Cup and will host its second PGA Championship in 2025. It now serves as the regular host of the PGA Tour ‘s Wells Fargo Championship. The service at Quail Hollow is very good. The Director of Golf Course Maintenance works closely with the General Manager on capital improvement projects, as well as interaction with the Head Golf Professional to maximize the number of rounds of golf played by scheduling maintenance practices around Member play and tournaments to maximize efficiency. Quail Hollow hosted the PGA Tour’s Kemper Open from 1969 to 1979 and the senior tour’s PaineWebber Invitational from 1983 to 1989. Quail Hollow Country Club, North Carolina - club information & course reviews plus find information on green fees, tee times, vouchers, golf societies. The Par 72, 7,002 yard Quail Hollow Club in Charlotte, NC, US, the site of the 2017 PGA Championship.For more details, visit our official course directory:ht.The club is situated 29 miles northeast of Cleveland, located in Concord, Ohio. Quail Hollow Country Club is seeking an experienced person for the position of Director of Golf Course Maintenance that will be responsible for the 36 hole facility, large driving range and practice area, and all clubhouse grounds associated with the Club.Director of Golf Course - Quail Hollow Country Club Job Title: Director of Golf Course Quail Hollow Club 3700 Gleneagles Rd Charlotte, NC 28210-4937 View Website EXPLORE THE COURSE MAP Panelists Ratings from our panel of 1,900 course-ranking panelists 4.1 100 GREATEST/BEST IN. Here is how to use Move to iOS app to move everything including SMS/MMS from Android to iPhone. But if you want to keep the old data on a used iPhone, skip to the next solution. Of course, it's perfect if you're switching phone from old Android to new iPhone. Only thing is, this method will erase and delete everything on your iPhone. ( As for music, books, and pdfs, you need to move them manually.) In addition to text messages, you also can use it to transfer contacts, camera photos and videos, web bookmarks, mail accounts, calendars, and some free apps. Copy Your Android SMS to iPhone via Move to iOS AppĪpple Support Team officially suggests users to use the App - Move to iOS to transfer data from Android to iOS device. ![]() Compare 4 Transfer Text Messages/MMS from Android to iPhone Methods 1. How to Copy SMS Messages Android to iPhone with SMS Backup+ How to Transfer SMS/MMS from Android to iPhone (Selectively) How to Transfer All Texts from Android to iPhone Efficiently Copy Your Android SMS to iPhone via Move to iOS App Including Move to iOS App, FoneCope Mobile Transfer, SMS/MMS Transfer +, and SMS Backup+. ![]() You've come to the right place! Here are 4 effective methods that can help you copy your SMS/MMS from Android to iPhone fast and conveniently. If you are looking for a way to get your text messages transferred to iOS device from your old Android phone or tablet? How about without losing any data on a used iPhone? And how do I move my messages to where I'll see them (conversation) in Messager on new iPhone?" "How can I transfer my SMS from Android to iPhone? I have over 34,000 text messages going back at far as 2015! There's no way I can save it all manually. ![]() Inside that folder is an app called "Soundflowerbed". When you install Soundflower 1.6.x, a new folder will be installed in your Applications folder called "Soundflower". To hear what is playing on the computer while using Soundflower Visit the Audacity Mac Forum, click the "New Topic" button and ask your question. See step 3 above for an illustration.Ģ) In Audacity, if you want to record from a different source (such as the Line Input or an external USB device), click on Audacity > Preferences then the Devices section and select the input you want to record from in the Recording section. Select "Line Out", "Internal Speakers" or "Headphones" in the output device list. To set things back to "normal" so you can hear audio playing on your computer without running Audacityġ) Click on Apple Menu > System Preferences then the Sound panel, and select the Output tab. Now click Record to record anything playing on your computer.You should now be able to hear the sound playing on your computer. Click on the recording level meters (beside the microphone symbol) to begin monitoring:.For example, start Safari and go to a website that plays sound clips. Go to the application that will be playing the sound you want to record.Click on the Transport menu and make sure that "Software Playthrough" is checked.To be safe you should disable the sound on any iCal alerts that may occur while you are recording, and quit any other application that may make an alert sound. Tests on a recent iMac running 10.7.2 show that Mail and TextEdit alert sounds will not be recorded with the above setup, but iCal and Yahoo Messenger alert sounds will be recorded. Some Macintosh applications are better behaved than others when it comes to alert sounds. Thus these sounds will not be recorded by Audacity. This will route some system alert sounds (such as Mail alert sounds) to the Line Out or Internal Speakers and not to Soundflower.Click on the "Sound Effects" tab, and from the "Play sound effects through" dropdown menu choose "Line Out", "Headphones" or "Internal Speakers" (whichever is appropriate for your system).The sound output of the computer is being sent to Soundflower. At this point you will no longer be able to hear what is playing on the computer.In the same panel, choose the Input tab, select "Soundflower (2ch)" and and turn the Input volume up.In the Sound preferences panel, choose the Output tab, then select "Soundflower (2ch)" from the "Select a device for sound output:" list and turn the Output volume up.Choose Apple Menu > System Preferences and select the Sound preferences panel. ![]() ![]() The 2.x.x installer does not require restarting the computer. If you obtained the 1.6.x installer, save your work in other applications, then press the button in the installer to restart your Mac.
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